Lymphedema is a condition of excessive accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the affected part of the body, most often the extremities. It occurs when the lymphatic system is overloaded due to a blockage that prevents the natural flow of lymphatic fluid. When the lymph cannot flow unhindered, it begins to accumulate in the affected area. This accumulation gradually causes visible swelling, a feeling of heaviness and tightness, reduced mobility, and chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the affected tissue. Without proper therapy, lymphedema can seriously affect quality of life.

Depending on the mechanism of occurrence, lymphedema can be divided into Primary and secondary.

Primary lymphedema is the result of mechanical insufficiency of the lymphatic system, and occurs without a clear cause. This type of lymphedema can appear already at birth or develop later in life.

Secondary lymphedema It occurs as a result of external factors that damage the lymphatic system. These can be curative procedures, trauma, radiation therapy, cancer, chronic venous insufficiency or overweight. In cases where the lymph nodes have been removed or the lymphatic pathways have been intersected, there is a risk of developing lymphedema. A particularly vulnerable group are women who have undergone breast cancer surgery due to lymph node surgery in the armpit area.

Complete decongestive physiotherapy of lymphedema (CDT) consists of:

Manual lymphatic drainage: It adjusts according to the diagnosis, and the lymph flow is redirected around the blocked area into more lymphatic pathways.

Compressive bandaging: Application of specialized bandages that prevent the return of evacuated lymphatic fluid to the extremity.

Therapeutic exercises: Mobility, strength, stretching and diaphragm breathing exercises are performed with mandatory compression of the affected area (compressive sleeve or bandage). These exercises increase the activity of the lymphatic vessels and the function of the musculoskeletal pump.

Skin care: Due to the increased risk of developing various infections, it is necessary to pay extra attention to skin care and reduce the risk of injuries, blows, burns and insect bites.

Patient education: Given the specificity of this condition, the patient needs to be educated on all aspects of therapy and prevention to ensure successful treatment.

This comprehensive approach is designed to provide optimal care and support to people with lymphedema, enabling them to have a better quality of life.